Sensitive teeth: causes, symptoms, treatments and more

Sensitive teeth, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common condition in which the teeth become painful or uncomfortable in response to stimuli such as hot, cold, sweet, or sour foods and drinks.

Sensitive teeth are usually caused by the exposure of the softer inner layer of the tooth (dentin) due to gum recession, enamel loss, or cracking of teeth. The most common symptoms include sharp, shooting pain in the teeth when exposed to hot or cold temperatures, or sweet or sour foods.

Whilst worn tooth enamel or exposed tooth roots are the most common causes of sensitive teeth, there are other factors that can also lead to tooth discomfort, including a cavity, a cracked or chipped tooth, a worn filling, or even gum disease.

All of these can lead to tooth discomfort and sensitivity. While you can treat tooth sensitivity at home (see below), if the problem persists, it is always best to book an appointment with your dentist sooner rather than later, so they can assess the cause of the tooth sensitivity.

While this condition is often manageable, understanding its causes and treatments is essential for effective relief.

Causes of Sensitive Teeth

Sensitive teeth typically result from the exposure of dentin, the softer layer beneath tooth enamel. Common causes include:

• Enamel erosion due to acidic foods and drinks.
• Gum recession, which exposes tooth roots.
• Tooth damage, such as cracks or chips.
• Dental conditions like cavities or gum disease.
• Aggressive brushing with hard-bristled toothbrushes.

Emerging research highlights the role of enamel-damaging habits and periodontal health in exacerbating sensitivity. A study by Dental Clinics of North America found that 57% of patients experience dentin hypersensitivity at some point in their lives.

Symptoms of Sensitive Teeth

Whilst the causes of sensitive teeth can vary, there are symptoms that will be similar, no matter the cause of the sensitivity. As the name would suggest, the main symptom of sensitive teeth is a sensitivity when your teeth are exposed to hot or cold food or drinks, however, there are other symptoms that can also persist including:

• Sharp pain or sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or sour foods and drinks
• Pain when brushing or flossing
• Tingling or discomfort in the teeth
• Increased pain when exposed to cold air
• Aching pain in the teeth that lasts for a short time after eating or drinking

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is recommended that you see a dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Whilst you can manage the symptoms of sensitive teeth with home remedies (see below), it is always better to understand the underlying cause of the sensitivity to ensure you are treating it in the best possible way.

New Advances in Sensitive Teeth Treatment

Recent innovations are transforming how we manage tooth sensitivity:

1. Nanotechnology Solutions: Researchers at The University of Queensland have developed nanomaterials that block exposed dentin tubules more effectively than traditional treatments. This paste-like solution offers rapid relief with longer-lasting effects and may soon be available for at-home use following clinical trials.
2. Biomimetic Toothpastes: Products like Boka toothpaste use nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) to rebuild enamel and reduce sensitivity without relying on fluoride. This represents a shift toward cleaner, biocompatible oral care solutions.
3. PRO-ARGIN Technology: Colgate’s new formula incorporates arginine and calcium to seal open dentin tubules instantly and provide long-lasting relief. Added zinc phosphate enhances acid resistance and gum protection.

Home Remedies for Sensitive Teeth

Treatments for sensitive teeth can vary, depending on the cause and severity of the problem. Some For mild cases of sensitivity, the following remedies can help:

• Desensitizing toothpaste: A toothpaste that contains compounds that help to block the transmission of sensations of pain from the tooth to the nerve. Look out in the supermarket for toothpaste for sensitive teeth.
• Fluoride rinses or gels: Fluoride treatments, either in the form of gels, varnishes, or rinses, can help to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce sensitivity.
• Gentle brushing: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent further damage.
• Dietary changes: Avoiding foods and drinks that trigger sensitivity and using a soft-bristled brush can help reduce the symptoms of sensitive teeth.

While these remedies can alleviate symptoms temporarily, professional evaluation is essential for persistent sensitivity.

Professional Treatments for Persistent Sensitivity

For severe cases, dentists may recommend:

• Bonding agents or veneers to cover exposed dentin.
• Fluoride varnishes for enhanced enamel protection.
• Root canal therapy if sensitivity stems from nerve damage.

Advancements like nanotechnology-based pastes could soon offer a more accessible solution for long-term relief.

Preventative Treatment for Sensitive Teeth

In addition to the treatments mentioned above, there are some other measures that can help manage sensitive teeth, and even prevent them from developing or recurring, such as:

1. Brushing properly: Brushing your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush and using a fluoride toothpaste can help reduce sensitivity.
2. Flossing daily: Flossing removes plaque and food particles that can contribute to gum recession and tooth sensitivity.
3. Avoiding tooth whitening products: Tooth whitening products can cause increased sensitivity in some people. It is best to talk to your dentist before using them to make sure they are suitable for your teeth or come and see us for professional teeth whitening treatment.
4. Avoiding overly acidic foods and drinks: Foods and drinks that are high in acid content can weaken tooth enamel and cause sensitivity.
5. Using a mouthguard: If you grind your teeth at night, a mouthguard can help protect your teeth from further wear and reduce sensitivity.

It’s also important to have regular dental check-ups to monitor the condition of your teeth and gums, and to address any changes that may be contributing to sensitivity.

In some cases, sensitivity may be temporary and go away on its own, but in other cases, it may be a sign of a more serious underlying issue that requires treatment. If you’re experiencing tooth sensitivity, it’s best to talk to your dentist to determine the best course of action for you.

In summary

Many people suffer from sensitive teeth at various times in their life. Sometimes, this can be temporary and can be treated at home, however, like all dental and oral health concerns, if problems persist, you should always book in to visit your dentist for a professional assessment.

Sensitive teeth can be managed at home in most cases, however, when there is a bigger underlying issue, sensitive teeth can be an early warning sign and not one to be ignored.

Our experienced team of dentists treat each case of sensitive teeth individually as no two cases are usually the same. We will recommend the best treatment path for you, helping to reduce the discomfort caused by sensitive teeth as well as putting in place preventative measures to stop the issue from developing in the future.

Sensitive teeth can develop at all stages of life and can also come and go throughout your life. It’s important not to think that the cause of sensitive teeth will be the same throughout your life so please come and see us if you are experiencing discomfort.

First published on 17 January 2023 and last updated 9 April 2025